{"id":26173,"date":"2025-03-27T08:02:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T08:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/limpacte-dels-pfas-en-lagricultura\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T17:08:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T16:08:06","slug":"limpacte-dels-pfas-en-lagricultura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/ca\/2025\/03\/27\/limpacte-dels-pfas-en-lagricultura\/","title":{"rendered":"L’impacte dels PFAS en l’agricultura"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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El impacto de los PFAS en la Agricultura:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Podem protegir els cultius sense danyar el medi ambient i la salut?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L\u2019agricultura europea ha avan\u00e7at significativament en la regulaci\u00f3 dels productes fitosanitaris amb l\u2019objectiu de garantir la seguretat aliment\u00e0ria i la sostenibilitat ambiental. La Directiva 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf<\/a>) va marcar un punt d\u2019inflexi\u00f3 en revisar i excloure subst\u00e0ncies actives (SA) amb riscos per a la salut i el medi ambient, aix\u00ed com en harmonitzar-ne l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 entre els diferents Estats Membres. Com a resultat, el 14 de juny de 2011, el Reglament (CE) 1107\/2009 (https:\/\/www.boe.es\/doue\/2009\/309\/L00001-00050.pdf<\/a>) va substituir aquesta normativa, eliminant aproximadament el 74 % de les subst\u00e0ncies actives autoritzades fins aleshores. <\/p>

Tanmateix, malgrat aquests esfor\u00e7os, s\u2019estima que entre el 60 % i el 70 % dels s\u00f2ls agr\u00edcoles europeus no es troben en condicions saludables a causa de la contaminaci\u00f3 i la sobreexplotaci\u00f3, a m\u00e9s dels efectes del canvi clim\u00e0tic. Per revertir aquesta situaci\u00f3, el Pacte Verd Europeu<\/strong> ha establert l\u2019ambici\u00f3s objectiu d\u2019assolir s\u00f2ls saludables per a l\u2019any 2050<\/strong>, impulsant la proposta de la Llei per Monitorar el S\u00f2l<\/strong>, establerta el 5 de juliol de 2023. Aquesta normativa proporcionar\u00e0 un marc legal per avaluar la qualitat del s\u00f2l a tots els Estats Membres, identificar fonts de contaminaci\u00f3 i establir pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcoles sostenibles. <\/p>

Un dels problemes identificats \u00e9s la pres\u00e8ncia de PFAS (subst\u00e0ncies perfluoroalquilades i polifluoroalquilades), conegudes com a \u201cqu\u00edmics eterns\u201d<\/strong> per la seva persist\u00e8ncia en el medi ambient. S\u2019ha detectat que certs herbicides i fungicides que pertanyen als grups trifluorometil, com el Flufenacet<\/strong> (herbicida) i el Flutolanil<\/strong> (fungicida), , es degraden en TFA (\u00e0cid trifluoroac\u00e8tic)<\/strong>, compostos que actualment estan sent avaluats per la Comissi\u00f3 Europea. <\/p>

Aquesta situaci\u00f3 genera greus preocupacions en regions clau productores d\u2019hortalisses tan importants com la patata a Europa, en pa\u00efsos com Alemanya, B\u00e8lgica, els Pa\u00efsos Baixos, el nord de Fran\u00e7a o Anglaterra, on l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019aquests productes podria estar comprometent la qualitat del s\u00f2l i de l\u2019aigua.<\/p>

Aquest blog explora la problem\u00e0tica associada als PFAS en l\u2019agricultura<\/strong>, el seu impacte en el s\u00f2l i la salut humana, l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 de la normativa europea i, sobretot, les alternatives sostenibles per a aquests inputs. <\/p>

L\u2019objectiu d\u2019aquest blog \u00e9s proporcionar informaci\u00f3 clara i basada en evid\u00e8ncia cient\u00edfica per a agricultors, t\u00e8cnics i assessors agron\u00f2mics, promovent solucions alternatives, eficaces i respectuoses amb el medi ambient.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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1. Pesticides emissors de TFA: els PFAS \u201cocults\u201d al camp.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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En l\u2019agricultura moderna, certs pesticides incorporen \u00e0toms de fluor en la seva composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica. Aquest \u00e9s el cas del Flufenacet<\/strong> i el Flutolanil<\/strong>, productes fitosanitaris \u00e0mpliament utilitzats en conreus tan importants com els cereals o la patata. Ens centrem en aquestes dues subst\u00e0ncies actives, ja que actualment estan en proc\u00e9s d\u2019avaluaci\u00f3 a la UE per a la seva retirada o prohibici\u00f3. Aquests inputs no s\u00f3n els \u00fanics que generen PFAS; a continuaci\u00f3, es presenta una llista m\u00e9s completa de subst\u00e0ncies actives que els produeixen: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Beflubutamid<\/strong><\/td>\nCyflufenamid<\/strong><\/td>\nCyflumetofen<\/strong><\/td>\nDiflufenican<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flazasulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\nFlonicamid<\/strong><\/td>\nFluazifop-P<\/strong><\/td>\nFluazinam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flubendiamide<\/strong><\/td>\nFlufenacet<\/strong><\/td>\nFlumetralin<\/strong><\/td>\nFluometuron<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fluopicolide<\/strong><\/td>\nFluopyram<\/strong><\/td>\nFlurochloridone<\/strong><\/td>\nFlutianil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flutolanil<\/strong><\/td>\nGamma-Cyhalothrin<\/strong><\/td>\nIsoxaflutole<\/strong><\/td>\nLambda-Cyhalothrin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mefentrifluconazole<\/strong><\/td>\nMetaflumizone<\/strong><\/td>\nOxathiapiprolin<\/strong><\/td>\nOxyfluorfen<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Penoxsulam<\/strong><\/td>\nPenthiopyrad<\/strong><\/td>\nPicolinafen<\/strong><\/td>\nProsulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pyridate<\/strong><\/td>\nPyriofenone<\/strong><\/td>\nPyroxasulfone<\/strong><\/td>\nSulfoxaflor<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tau-Fluvalinate<\/strong><\/td>\nTefluthrin<\/strong><\/td>\nTembotrione<\/strong><\/td>\nTetraconazole<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trifloxystrobin<\/strong><\/td>\nTriflusulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Taula 2<\/strong>: La informaci\u00f3 sobre les mat\u00e8ries actives amb compostos PFAS autoritzades a Europa ha estat extreta de l\u2019informe de PAN Europe: \u201cPFAS Pesticides in European Agriculture\u201d, publicat el novembre de 2023. Disponible a:https:\/\/www.pan-europe.info\/…\/PFAS%20Pesticides%20report%20November%202023.pdf<\/a>
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Flufenacet<\/b>: Herbicida persistent amb efectes sobre el desenvolupament neurol\u00f2gic<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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El Flufenacet<\/strong> \u00e9s un herbicida de preemerg\u00e8ncia utilitzat per al control de males herbes anuals en cereals (blat, ordi), patata i blat de moro<\/strong> en alguns pa\u00efsos. Pertany a la fam\u00edlia de les acetanilides i ha estat objecte d\u2019estudis a la UE que han confirmat el seu paper com a precursor de TFA al s\u00f2l, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 presenta altres riscos: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Principals riscos ambientals i per a la salut:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Models europeus han demostrat que el Flufenacet pot generar m\u00e9s de 10 \u00b5g\/L de TFA en lixiviats a 1 metre de profunditat<\/strong>, augmentant el risc de contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aigua.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Estudis recents suggereixen que el Flufenacet pot actuar com a disruptor endocr\u00ed<\/strong>, afectant el desenvolupament neurol\u00f2gic en les primeres etapes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Actualment, la seva renovaci\u00f3 a la UE no ha estat aprovada per al 2024<\/strong>, fet que reflecteix les preocupacions sobre el seu impacte ambiental i toxicol\u00f2gic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Flutolanil<\/b>: Fungicida per a la patata amb potencial immunot\u00f2xic.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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El Flutolanil<\/strong> \u00e9s un fungicida sist\u00e8mic del grup de les anilides, \u00e0mpliament utilitzat en el conreu de la patata per al control de la crosta negra (Rhizoctonia solani)<\/em><\/strong>, per\u00f2 amb greus riscos associats al seu \u00fas: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Main environmental and health risks:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00c9s un compost persistent a molt persistent al s\u00f2l<\/strong> i altament propens a la lixiviaci\u00f3, fet que incrementa el risc de contaminaci\u00f3 de l\u2019aigua.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L\u2019EFSA ha confirmat que el Flutolanil forma TFA com a metab\u00f2lit<\/strong>, destacant la seva perillositat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u2019han assenyalat possibles efectes immunot\u00f2xics<\/strong>, a m\u00e9s de la manca de dades sobre la toxicitat dels seus metab\u00f2lits en els aliments tractats.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Al camp, el Flutolanil i el seu metab\u00f2lit M-11 poden arribar a les aig\u00fces superficials<\/strong>, afectant els ecosistemes aqu\u00e0tics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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5<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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La seva renovaci\u00f3 a la UE tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 en revisi\u00f3 i no ha estat aprovada per al 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\n\n \n \n Tabla Responsive<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n background-color: #f4f4f4;\n }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n margin: 20px 0;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\n }\n\n th, td {\n padding: 15px;\n text-align: left;\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n\n th {\n background-color: #e0e0e0;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #fafafa;\n }\n\n tr:hover {\n background-color: #f1f1f1;\n }\n\n .responsive-table {\n overflow-x: auto;\n -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n }\n\n @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {\n th, td {\n padding: 10px;\n font-size: 12px;\n }\n\n table {\n font-size: 12px;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"responsive-table\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>SUBST\u00c0NCIA ACTIVA<\/th>\n <th>TIPUS DE PESTICIDA (\u00daS PRINCIPAL)<\/th>\n <th>PERSISTENCIA AL S\u00d2L<\/th>\n <th>METABOLIT TFA<\/th>\n <th>RISCOS TOXICOL\u00d3GICS<\/th>\n <th>SITUACI\u00d3 REGULAT\u00d2RIA (UE)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>FLUFENACET<\/td>\n <td>HERBICIDA (ACETAMIDA)<\/td>\n <td>MOLT PERSISTENT (VP)<\/td>\n <td>S\u00cd (TFA RELEVANTE)<\/td>\n <td>DISRUPTOR ENDOCR\u00cd*<\/td>\n <td>NO RENOVACI\u00d3<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FLUTOLANIL<\/td>\n <td>FUNGICIDA (ANILIDA)<\/td>\n <td>PERSISTENT<\/td>\n <td>S\u00cd (TFA CONFIRMADO)<\/td>\n <td>IMMUNOTOXICITAT*<\/td>\n <td>NO RENOVACI\u00d3 PROPOSADA PARA 2024<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6ece86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6ece86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e66c5d6\" data-id=\"e66c5d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc5984 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bc5984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Taula 1.<\/strong> Resum comparatiu de les caracter\u00edstiques de l\u2019herbicida Flufenacet i el fungicida Flutolanil, ambd\u00f3s amb el tret problem\u00e0tic de generar TFA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624568e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"624568e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les dades actuals reforcen la necessitat de buscar <strong>alternatives m\u00e9s segures i sostenibles<\/strong> per al control de males herbes i malalties com <strong><em>Rhizoctonia<\/em> en el conreu de la patata<\/strong>, sense comprometre la salut del s\u00f2l ni la qualitat de l\u2019aigua. En les seccions seg\u00fcents, explorarem solucions innovadores que permeten una <strong>protecci\u00f3 efica\u00e7 i sostenible dels cultius<\/strong>, sense rec\u00f3rrer a compostos amb efectes negatius a llarg termini. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd072ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd072ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-619f493\" data-id=\"619f493\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f1741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68f1741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Contaminaci\u00f3 dels s\u00f2ls i de les aig\u00fces pels TFA: un repte ambiental en creixement.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e12e3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66e12e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El <strong>TFA<\/strong> no nom\u00e9s es troba en <strong>s\u00f2ls agr\u00edcoles<\/strong>, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 en <strong>aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies, rius<\/strong> i fins i tot a la <strong>sang humana<\/strong>. Els estudis m\u00e9s recents han observat que les concentracions de <strong>TFA<\/strong> s\u00f3n considerablement m\u00e9s altes que les de qualsevol altre pesticida, metab\u00f2lit o compost PFAS, fet que subratlla la magnitud del problema i la necessitat urgent d’abordar-lo. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01d43ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01d43ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evid\u00e8ncies de contaminaci\u00f3 generalitzada:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ebe31f2 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ebe31f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b3b9b2\" data-id=\"4b3b9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2eb02f elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"a2eb02f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSu\u00efssa\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Su\u00efssa, 550 de 550 mostres d\u2019aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies contenien TFA durant el 2022\/2023. Fins i tot en zones remotes com els Alps, es van detectar traces del compost (\u22640,6 \u00b5g\/L), presumiblement a causa de la pluja. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aeb6f98\" data-id=\"aeb6f98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac1d1cd elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac1d1cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8619fe6\" data-id=\"8619fe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6d4b6 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"9d6d4b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tB\u00e8lgica \u2013 Flandes\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEn zones agr\u00edcoles intensives com Flandes (B\u00e8lgica), la concentraci\u00f3 de TFA en l\u2019aigua subterr\u00e0nia pot superar els 12 \u00b5g\/L, cosa que excedeix en m\u00e9s de 120 vegades el l\u00edmit de 0,1 \u00b5g\/L establert per als metab\u00f2lits de pesticides en l\u2019aigua potable. \n<br><br>A m\u00e9s, un estudi realitzat a Val\u00f2nia (sud de B\u00e8lgica) va trobar TFA en el 93\u202f% de les mostres d\u2019aigua de l\u2019aixeta, fet que confirma la disseminaci\u00f3 del contaminant fins i tot en aigua tractada. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94cada\" data-id=\"c94cada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9f86d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9f86d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d87ef0f\" data-id=\"d87ef0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ed4db2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ed4db2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0ac96\" data-id=\"0b0ac96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90c10c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90c10c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Repte per a les empreses d\u2019aigua:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab6895f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab6895f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">Les<\/span><\/span> <strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">empreses d\u2019aigua<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">han advertit que eliminar el TFA de l\u2019aigua potable \u00e9s<\/span><\/span> <strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">t\u00e8cnicament complicat i cost\u00f3s.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">. La millor estrat\u00e8gia \u00e9s <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">prevenir la seva entrada<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">als recursos h\u00eddrics mitjan\u00e7ant un<\/span><\/span> <strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">control en origen<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">, fet que subratlla la urg\u00e8ncia d\u2019adoptar pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcoles sostenibles que<\/span><\/span> <strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">redueixin l\u2019\u00fas de pesticides contaminants<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW50226647 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7425dc1\" data-id=\"7425dc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9207ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9207ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacte en el s\u00f2l i els cultius:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c087658 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c087658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tot i que el TFA \u00e9s altament soluble i es despla\u00e7a amb l\u2019aigua, pot persistir en el <strong>perfil del s\u00f2l<\/strong> el temps suficient per ser absorbit per les plantes. S\u2019han detectat residus de TFA en <strong>cultius i aliments d\u2019origen vegetal<\/strong>, encara que en concentracions baixes. No obstant aix\u00f2, la <strong>principal preocupaci\u00f3<\/strong> es troba en l\u2019<strong>aigua subterr\u00e0nia<\/strong>: el TFA <strong>resisteix els tractaments convencionals de potabilitzaci\u00f3<\/strong>, cosa que en dificulta l\u2019eliminaci\u00f3 i planteja riscos per a la salut humana. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339672f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"339672f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"822\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26098\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521-768x617.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521-600x482.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-562da64 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"562da64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small><br><b>Figura 2<\/b>: Esquema que representa el dest\u00ed ambiental dels PFAS. <\/small><small>Disponible a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/\">https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5e1808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5e1808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Riscos per a la salut humana i ambiental: un repte creixent.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5760f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacte en la salut humana.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f048083 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f048083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tot i que inicialment es considerava que el <strong>TFA<\/strong> tenia una baixa toxicitat aguda, <strong>noves evid\u00e8ncies cient\u00edfiques<\/strong> suggereixen que els seus efectes a llarg termini podrien ser <strong>m\u00e9s greus<\/strong> del que es pensava. <\/p><p>L\u2019any 2023, un dels productors indirectes de pesticides generadors de TFA va proposar classificar-lo com a <strong>t\u00f2xic per a la reproducci\u00f3<\/strong> (categoria 1B), arran d\u2019estudis que van mostrar <strong>danys reproductius<\/strong> en animals. Aquest descobriment implica que, igual que altres <strong>PFAS<\/strong>, el TFA podria afectar la <strong>fertilitat<\/strong> i el <strong>desenvolupament fetal<\/strong>. <\/p><p>A continuaci\u00f3, es destaquen alguns dels riscos potencials:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b33fba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b33fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26102\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804-768x544.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804-600x425.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d382c24 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d382c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small><b>Figura 3<\/b>: Efectes toxicol\u00f2gics dels PFAs en el cos hum\u00e0. <\/small><small>Disponible a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/\">https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-46370af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46370af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f05da8a\" data-id=\"f05da8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f94d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f94d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flufenacet <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90c7113 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90c7113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El <strong>flufenacet<\/strong> ha estat identificat per l’<strong>EFSA<\/strong> com a <strong>disruptor endocr\u00ed<\/strong>, amb evid\u00e8ncies que pot afectar les <strong>hormones tiro\u00efdals<\/strong> i el <strong>desenvolupament cerebral<\/strong> en estudis toxicol\u00f2gics. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s particularment preocupant per a la salut dels <strong>infants<\/strong>, ja que pot contribuir a problemes neurol\u00f2gics o de desenvolupament. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48946b2\" data-id=\"48946b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efb153e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efb153e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flutolanil<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0061f94 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0061f94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El <strong>flutolanil<\/strong>, per la seva banda, ha mostrat indicis d’<strong>immunotoxicitat<\/strong>, fet que suggereix que podria afectar el sistema immunitari. Tot i que falten dades concloents en humans, aquestes troballes exigeixen precauci\u00f3, especialment quan es tracta d’una <strong>exposici\u00f3 prolongada<\/strong> a aquest compost. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b1212 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b1212\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79a4a9b\" data-id=\"79a4a9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db65506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db65506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PFAs<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4fb2ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4fb2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Aquesta preocupaci\u00f3 s’agreuja si considerem els efectes t\u00f2xics que els compostos PFAS poden tenir sobre la biologia humana. La imatge mostra les principals \u00e0rees del cos hum\u00e0 afectades pels <strong>PFAS<\/strong>, amb diferents nivells de certesa cient\u00edfica. <\/p><p>Entre els efectes amb major evid\u00e8ncia destaquen la <strong>neurotoxicitat<\/strong> (alteraci\u00f3 de la neurotransmissi\u00f3), la <strong>disrupci\u00f3 endocrina<\/strong> (afectant l’eix tiro\u00efdal i hormonal sexual) i la <strong>immunotoxicitat<\/strong> (immunosupressi\u00f3 i inflamaci\u00f3 cr\u00f2nica).<\/p><p>Tamb\u00e9 s’han assenyalat danys al fetge (esteatosi i risc de NAFLD), rony\u00f3 (c\u00e0ncer renal), p\u00e0ncrees, sistema reproductor mascul\u00ed i possibles efectes sobre el desenvolupament fetal.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cfa917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cfa917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacte ecol\u00f2gic i persist\u00e8ncia: riscos a llarg termini.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b43f7c4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b43f7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L’\u00fas d’aquests pesticides no nom\u00e9s afecta els cultius tractats, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 representa una amena\u00e7a per a la biodiversitat i l’estabilitat dels ecosistemes:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf1f73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cdf1f73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Toxicitat per a organismes aqu\u00e0tics<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caa4b1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9caa4b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El flufenacet \u00e9s altament t\u00f2xic per a les plantes aqu\u00e0tiques, i el seu escorriment pot contaminar masses d’aigua, posant en risc peixos i invertebrats aqu\u00e0tics. Estudis amb peix zebra (Danio rerio) han demostrat que exposicions cr\u00f2niques al flutolanil causen <strong>dany hep\u00e0tic, alteracions endocrines i problemes reproductius<\/strong>. A m\u00e9s, concentracions ambientalment rellevants d’aquest fungicida provoquen <strong>disfunci\u00f3 neurol\u00f2gica i p\u00e8rdua de visi\u00f3 en larves de peixos<\/strong>, afectant la seva superviv\u00e8ncia. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ba92d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61ba92d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacte en pol\u00b7linitzadors i biota del s\u00f2l<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c0af3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c0af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Es tem que el Flutolanil tamb\u00e9 afecti la <strong>immunitat d’abelles i d’altres insectes beneficiosos<\/strong>, fent-los m\u00e9s vulnerables a malalties. Al s\u00f2l, la combinaci\u00f3 del TFA amb altres pesticides podria alterar l’equilibri dels microorganismes i cucs de terra, essencials per a la fertilitat del s\u00f2l. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a2d3c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a2d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tot i que el <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> i el <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> no s’acumulen significativament a la <strong>cadena tr\u00f2fica<\/strong> (degut a la seva relativa polaritat), els seus <strong>metab\u00f2lits persistents<\/strong> com el <strong>TFA<\/strong> continuen acumulant-se en l’ambient, especialment a l’<strong>aigua, sediments<\/strong> i <strong>s\u00f2ls<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 planteja seriosos dubtes sobre els efectes <strong>a llarg termini<\/strong> als ecosistemes, ja que els organismes silvestres segueixen estant exposats de manera cont\u00ednua a aquests compostos. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57034c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c57034c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Persist\u00e8ncia del TFA als ecosistemes: <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-370ce4f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"370ce4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Encara que el flufenacet i el flutolanil no es bioacumulen significativament a la cadena tr\u00f2fica, el seu <strong>metab\u00f2lit TFA s\u00ed que persisteix en el medi ambient<\/strong>, acumulant-se a l’aigua, al s\u00f2l i als teixits vegetals. La seva pres\u00e8ncia als cultius planteja el risc d’una possible entrada a la cadena aliment\u00e0ria, amb efectes encara desconeguts en organismes superiors. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8fdd625 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8fdd625\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26f057f\" data-id=\"26f057f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddc20e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddc20e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Regulacions europees i possibles restriccions.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b742403 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b742403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Un pas cap a la protecci\u00f3 ambiental i humana<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e999519 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e999519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Els residus derivats de la fabricaci\u00f3<\/strong> <strong>dels pesticides que generen TFA<\/strong> s\u00f3n igualment contaminants. Aquesta dispersi\u00f3 torna a posar en risc la salut humana, ja que la contaminaci\u00f3 pot arribar-hi de manera indirecta a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019<strong>aigua potable contaminada<\/strong> i, en menor mesura, per <strong>residus als aliments<\/strong>. Per aix\u00f2, \u00e9s crucial aplicar el <strong>principi de precauci\u00f3<\/strong>, tenint en compte els efectes potencialment nocius per tal de minimitzar els riscos i protegir tant la salut humana com el medi ambient. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff192fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff192fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26138\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01-600x335.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbda179 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbda179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La creixent <strong>preocupaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica i social<\/strong> sobre l\u2019impacte del TFA ha portat a <strong>accions reguladores significatives<\/strong> a nivell europeu. La <strong>Comissi\u00f3 Europea<\/strong>, juntament amb diversos pa\u00efsos de la UE, ha comen\u00e7at a adoptar mesures concretes per afrontar aquest desafiament, buscant solucions que redueixin l\u2019exposici\u00f3 i promoguin pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcoles m\u00e9s sostenibles. <\/p><p>El <strong>desembre del 2024<\/strong>, es va proposar formalment no renovar l\u2019autoritzaci\u00f3 de les subst\u00e0ncies actives <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> i <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> a la <strong>UE<\/strong>. Aquesta decisi\u00f3, encara en tr\u00e0mit al <strong>Comit\u00e8 Permanent PAFF<\/strong>, es basa en els <strong>informes de l\u2019EFSA<\/strong>: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77e3d9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77e3d9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-54e34ca\" data-id=\"54e34ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1684d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a1684d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flufenacet <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315af05 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"315af05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019EFSA ha confirmat riscos inacceptables a causa del seu <strong>potencial com a disruptor endocr\u00ed<\/strong> i la gran probabilitat de <strong>contaminaci\u00f3 d\u2019aq\u00fc\u00edfers<\/strong> pel TFA. <\/p><p>De fet, l\u2019<strong>Ag\u00e8ncia Ambiental Alemanya<\/strong> ja havia identificat l\u2019any 2017 el Flufenacet com una de les principals fonts de TFA a Alemanya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a52ae9b\" data-id=\"a52ae9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41cfa5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41cfa5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flutolanil<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e13415 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e13415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019EFSA tamb\u00e9 va assenyalar <strong>greus llacunes de dades<\/strong> sobre els metab\u00f2lits als aliments, a m\u00e9s dels riscos per als treballadors, <strong>mam\u00edfers silvestres<\/strong>, <strong>organismes aqu\u00e0tics<\/strong> i <strong>abelles<\/strong>. Donat el seu potencial per generar TFA al medi ambient, es proposa la no renovaci\u00f3 per <strong>protegir la salut i el medi ambient<\/strong>. Aquesta no renovaci\u00f3 podria comportar la <strong>prohibici\u00f3 del seu \u00fas<\/strong> a partir del 2025, amb un per\u00edode de gr\u00e0cia limitat. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ad8a7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78ad8a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Per primera vegada, els pesticides que contenen <strong>PFAS<\/strong> estan sent reconeguts dins d\u2019un problema m\u00e9s ampli. Aproximadament <strong>una de cada vuit subst\u00e0ncies actives<\/strong> autoritzades a la UE \u00e9s un <strong>PFAS<\/strong> (un total de 37 subst\u00e0ncies), incloses aquelles que generen <strong>TFA<\/strong> o altres productes fluorats persistents. Exemples d\u2019aquests pesticides inclouen <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong>, <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong>, <strong>Diflufenican<\/strong> i <strong>Fluazinam<\/strong>. La Comissi\u00f3 Europea est\u00e0 avaluant mesures per <strong>eliminar progressivament<\/strong> aquestes subst\u00e0ncies del mercat. A m\u00e9s, la proposta de restricci\u00f3 global dels PFAS sota el reglament <strong>REACH<\/strong> (Registre, Avaluaci\u00f3, Autoritzaci\u00f3 i Restricci\u00f3 de Subst\u00e0ncies Qu\u00edmiques) tamb\u00e9 inclouria els pesticides, cosa que podria accelerar l\u2019eliminaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquests compostos. <\/p><p>Aquestes mesures busquen frenar la <strong>\u201cpluja invisible\u201d de TFA<\/strong>, protegint tant els <strong>ecosistemes<\/strong> com la <strong>salut humana<\/strong> a llarg termini. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-469459c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"469459c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Solucions alternatives i estrat\u00e8gies sostenibles.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92b297b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92b297b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El cam\u00ed cap a una gesti\u00f3 m\u00e9s ecol\u00f2gica<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f896c5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f896c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Amb la possibilitat que pesticides com el <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> i el <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> siguin restringits, \u00e9s crucial que els agricultors comencin a adoptar <strong>estrat\u00e8gies sostenibles<\/strong> per mantenir la productivitat sense comprometre el medi ambient. Si es confirma la classificaci\u00f3 del <strong>TFA com a metab\u00f2lit rellevant<\/strong>, d\u2019acord amb la legislaci\u00f3 europea, aix\u00f2 impediria l\u2019aprovaci\u00f3 de pesticides que el generin, augmentant encara m\u00e9s la necessitat d\u2019alternatives responsables. <\/p><p>Afortunadament, hi ha diverses opcions viables per controlar les males herbes i malalties d\u2019una manera m\u00e9s segura i eficient. Aquest escenari subratlla la urg\u00e8ncia de prendre mesures proactives, buscant solucions que garanteixin un futur m\u00e9s saludable i sostenible per a l\u2019agricultura i el medi ambient. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b6b139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b6b139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gesti\u00f3 Integrada de Males Herbes (GIMH)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20fdaf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20fdaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La <strong>GIMH<\/strong> \u00e9s una estrat\u00e8gia que combina diverses pr\u00e0ctiques de maneig per reduir la depend\u00e8ncia d\u2019herbicides qu\u00edmics persistents. Algunes de les alternatives inclouen: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015acc9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"015acc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1421\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Rotaci\u00f3 de cultius<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1421\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1421\"><p><strong>Rotaci\u00f3 de cultivos<\/strong>: Alternar cultius que suprimeixen males herbes hivernals, com el <strong>s\u00e8gol<\/strong> o la <strong>mostassa<\/strong>, ajuda a reduir la necessitat d\u2019herbicides.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1422\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Cobertes vegetals<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1422\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1422\"><p><strong>Cobertes vegetals<\/strong>: Les cobertes postcollita poden ser triturades o incorporades al s\u00f2l, ajudant a controlar les males herbes abans de la propera sembra.<br \/>4o<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1423\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Llaurat mecanitzat<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1423\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1423\"><p><strong>Llaurat mecanitzat:<\/strong> T\u00e8cniques com el <strong>fals sembrat<\/strong> i l\u2019<strong>escarda mec\u00e0nica<\/strong> (aixada rotativa) s\u00f3n eficaces per controlar les pl\u00e0ntules de males herbes sense necessitat de productes qu\u00edmics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1424\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Herbicides selectius<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1424\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1424\"><p><strong>Herbicides selectius<\/strong>: Si cal utilitzar herbicida, es poden triar productes sense grups <strong>PFAS <\/strong>i amb un risc menor de <strong>lixiviaci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1425\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Desherbatge el\u00e8ctric <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1425\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1425\"><p><strong>Desherbatge el\u00e8ctric<\/strong>: En pa\u00efsos com <strong>Alemanya<\/strong>, s\u2019estan provant tecnologies que apliquen corrent a les males herbes per eliminar-les sense utilitzar qu\u00edmics, reduint aix\u00ed l\u2019impacte ambiental.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b125b35 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b125b35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aquestes pr\u00e0ctiques permeten un control efica\u00e7 de les males herbes i una <strong>reducci\u00f3 significativa <\/strong>de l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019herbicides, aconseguint rendiments similars o superiors als m\u00e8todes tradicionals.<br>4o<br><br><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ad1733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ad1733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Control de la crosta negra (<i>Rhizoctonia solani<\/i>) en patata<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5d5ff1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5d5ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Flutolanil <\/strong>ha sido tradicionalmente utilizado para controlar la <strong>costra negra<\/strong> en patatas, pero hay alternativas biol\u00f3gicas y culturales que ofrecen<strong> soluciones m\u00e1s sostenibles<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00cde23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00cde23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biopesticides<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dec6a5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dec6a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Diverses soques de microorganismes, com <strong><em>Bacillus spp<\/em><\/strong>. i <strong><em>Pseudomonas spp<\/em><\/strong>., actuen com a competidors del fong <strong><em>R. solani<\/em><\/strong> a la rizosfera de la planta, reduint la incid\u00e8ncia de la malaltia. Els fongs <em><strong>Trichoderma spp.<\/strong> <\/em>tamb\u00e9 s\u00f3n efectius, ja que creen una barrera natural contra el patogen. <\/p><p>Un exemple innovador \u00e9s el producte <strong>RootDei Biocontrol\u00ae<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/rootdei-biocontrol\/\">(https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/rootdei-biocontrol\/<\/a>) (recentment presentat al sector), que utilitza la soca exclusiva T34 de <em>Trichoderma asperellum <\/em>per a la seva aplicaci\u00f3 al solc, amb l\u2019objectiu de protegir les arrels i, alhora, millorar la collita de tubercles comercialitzables. A m\u00e9s, aquest producte contribueix a reduir la incid\u00e8ncia d\u2019altres pat\u00f2gens del s\u00f2l. S\u2019ha demostrat que T34 \u00e9s un tractament sense residus (pots consultar m\u00e9s detalls aqu\u00ed:<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32005R0396\"> (https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32005R0396).<\/a> Aquest tipus de solucions no nom\u00e9s eliminen residus t\u00f2xics, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 afavoreixen la salut general del s\u00f2l. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cea384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cea384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00e0ctiques agron\u00f2miques:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d36e80 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d36e80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>La r<strong>otaci\u00f3 de conreus<\/strong> \u00e9s fonamental per reduir l\u2019in\u00f2cul de <em>R. solani<\/em>. Incorporar <strong>cereals <\/strong>o <strong>lleguminoses <\/strong>en la rotaci\u00f3 permet que els esclerocis del fong decaiguin, millorant la salut del s\u00f2l. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c6b7af elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c6b7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p><strong>Llavors sanes<\/strong> i tractades adequadament: Inspeccionar i descartar les llavors amb s\u00edmptomes de crosta negra i tractar la llavor amb productes naturals, com <strong>farina de mostassa <\/strong>o <strong>cendra rica en potassi<\/strong>, t\u00e9 efectes antif\u00fangics.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20aac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a20aac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fungicides de baix impacte:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1ae68 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b1ae68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">Si cal un tractament qu\u00edmic, es poden utilitzar <strong>fungicides alternatius <\/strong>amb un perfil ambiental m\u00e9s favorable (p. ex., <strong>azoxistrobina <\/strong>o <strong>boscalida<\/strong>) que no generen TFA. Les aplicacions de dosis baixes combinades amb biocontrol tamb\u00e9 han mostrat bons resultats.<br><br> <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a5d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31a5d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protecci\u00f3 de conreus mitjan\u00e7ant tecnologia i innovaci\u00f3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb333e1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb333e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Les tecnologies innovadores estan jugant un paper clau en l\u2019<strong>agricultura sostenible<\/strong>:<br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3cee0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6b3cee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Solaritzaci\u00f3<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\"><p><strong>Solaritzaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l:<\/strong> Cobrir el s\u00f2l amb pl\u00e0stic transparent sota el sol pot \u201cpasteuritzar\u201d el terreny, eliminant pat\u00f2gens i males herbes abans de la sembra.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Agricultura de precissi\u00f3<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1122\"><p><strong>Agricultura de precisi\u00f3:<\/strong> Eines com <strong>drons <\/strong>i <strong>sensors <\/strong>permeten mapar les infestacions de males herbes i aplicar tractaments de manera localitzada, reduint l\u2019\u00fas d\u2019insums i millorant l\u2019efici\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a2e894 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a2e894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Aquestes tecnologies, juntament amb enfocaments agroecol\u00f2gics, busquen reempla\u00e7ar la <strong>depend\u00e8ncia de qu\u00edmics persistents<\/strong> per <strong>solucions naturals <\/strong>i <strong>f\u00edsiques<\/strong>.<\/p><p>A m\u00e9s, la transici\u00f3 cap a pr\u00e0ctiques m\u00e9s sostenibles est\u00e0 avalada per pol\u00edtiques <strong>europees<\/strong>. L\u2019Estrat\u00e8gia \u201c<strong>Del Camp a la Taula<\/strong>\u201d de la <strong>UE <\/strong>busca reduir en un <strong>50% l\u2019\u00fas de pesticides qu\u00edmics <\/strong>per al <strong>2030<\/strong>, cosa que refor\u00e7a encara m\u00e9s la necessitat d\u2019adoptar alternatives m\u00e9s ecol\u00f2giques. <\/p><p>Adoptar aquestes pr\u00e0ctiques no nom\u00e9s reduir\u00e0 l\u2019alliberament de TFA i altres contaminants, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 <strong>millorar\u00e0 la salut del s\u00f2l<\/strong> i <strong>augmentar\u00e0 la resili\u00e8ncia<\/strong> dels ecosistemes agraris. De fet, molts agricultors que ja estan implementant aquestes solucions estan experimentant <strong>resultats positius<\/strong>, com una <strong>reducci\u00f3 de costos<\/strong> i <strong>rendiments sostenibles<\/strong>. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cbc0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. Conclusions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448f67f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"448f67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>La <strong>problem\u00e0tica dels pesticides que emeten TFA<\/strong> ressalta la necessitat urgent de redirigir les nostres pr\u00e0ctiques agr\u00edcoles cap a models m\u00e9s <strong>sostenibles<\/strong>. A les <strong>regions productores de patata<\/strong> de l\u2019Europa central, l\u2019\u00fas intensiu de productes com el <strong>flufenacet <\/strong>i el <strong>flutolanil <\/strong>ha resultat en una <strong>contaminaci\u00f3 generalitzada <\/strong>dels recursos h\u00eddrics amb <strong>qu\u00edmics persistents<\/strong>, coneguts com a \u201c<strong>qu\u00edmics eterns<\/strong>\u201d. La pres\u00e8ncia de <strong>TFA<\/strong> ha estat documentada en <strong>s\u00f2ls<\/strong>, <strong>aq\u00fc\u00edfers <\/strong>i fins i tot en <strong>aig\u00fces embotellades<\/strong>, cosa que planteja riscos considerables tant per als <strong>ecosistemes <\/strong>com per a la <strong>salut humana<\/strong>. <\/p><p>Malgrat aquests desafiaments, l<strong>\u2019acci\u00f3 reguladora<\/strong> ja est\u00e0 en marxa. Les<strong> autoritats europees<\/strong> han comen\u00e7at a recon\u00e8ixer la magnitud del problema i estan avan\u00e7ant cap a la <strong>prohibici\u00f3 <\/strong>d\u2019aquestes subst\u00e0ncies, amb l\u2019objectiu de protegir tant les <strong>aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies<\/strong> com la <strong>salut p\u00fablica.<\/strong> <\/p><p>Per als <strong>agricultors <\/strong>i <strong>assessors t\u00e8cnics<\/strong>, aquest canvi regulador no s\u2019ha de percebre com una amena\u00e7a, sin\u00f3 com una <strong>oportunitat <\/strong>per <strong>innovar<\/strong> en la gesti\u00f3 agr\u00edcola. Les estrat\u00e8gies de <strong>control integrat de plagues i males herbes<\/strong>, combinades amb noves <strong>eines biol\u00f2giques<\/strong> (com <strong>RootDei Biocontrol\u00ae<\/strong> i altres <strong>bioinputs<\/strong>), ofereixen solucions efectives per mantenir la <strong>productivitat <\/strong>sense comprometre el medi ambient.<strong> Produir de manera rendible i neta <\/strong>\u00e9s possible, i reduint l\u2019\u00fas de pesticides persistents, les nostres <strong>explotacions agr\u00edcoles<\/strong> es tornaran <strong>m\u00e9s sostenibles<\/strong> i <strong>resilients<\/strong>. <\/p><p>A m\u00e9s, aquesta manera de fer contribueix a la <strong>preservaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l<\/strong> i de l\u2019<strong>aigua potable<\/strong>, dos recursos essencials per a la vida. Com a sector agr\u00edcola, eliminar els <strong>PFAS <\/strong>dels nostres sistemes de cultiu \u00e9s un pas crucial per respondre a <strong>l\u2019alerta ecol\u00f2gica<\/strong> actual i garantir un <strong>futur viable<\/strong> per a les properes generacions al camp europeu. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e625a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e625a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. Referencies<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4866fa3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4866fa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Arp, H.P.H. et al. (2024). The Global Threat from the Irreversible Accumulation of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA). Environmental Science & Technology, 58(45), 19925\u201319935 <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). Forever Chemical Found Even in Pristine Mineral Waters \u2013 Press Release, 3 Dec 2024. <\/li><li>EurEau (2024). PFAS in pesticides: Will Europe finally move? \u2013 News, 4 Dec 2024. <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). High concentrations of TFA in drinking water call for ban on PFAS-containing pesticides \u2013 Press Release, 15 Nov 2024. <\/li><li>FOEN Suiza (2024). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in groundwater \u2013 National Groundwater Monitoring NAQUA. <\/li><li>Health & Environment Alliance (2024). Joint letter calling for a ban of flufenacet \u2013 Press, 12 Nov 2024. <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). PAN Letter to SCoPAFF on flutolanil (PFAS pesticide) . <\/li><li>ZeroPM (2024). Regulatory Watch Update Dec 2024 \u2013 Non-renewal of flufenacet & flutolanil . <\/li><li>Teng, M. et al. (2019). Chronic Toxic Effects of Flutolanil on the Liver of Zebrafish. Chem. Res. Toxicol, 32(6), 995-1001. <\/li><li>Yang, Y. et al. (2024). Flutolanil at env. relevant levels induces neuro-visual disruptions in zebrafish larvae. J. Hazard. Mater. 469, 134108. <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2023). Ban PFAS pesticides and TFA \u2013 Campaign Brief <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2023). Europes Toxic Harvest: Unmasking PFAS Pesticides Authorised in Europe <\/li><li>Sturm et. al. (2023). Trifluoracetat (TFA): Grundlagen f\u00fcr eine effektive Minimierung schaffen – R\u00e4umliche Analyse der Eintragspfade in den Wasserkreislauf. Umwelt Bundesampt <\/li><li>Lein (2023). PFAS: The \u201cNew\u201d Forever Chemicals. UC DAVIS Veterinary Medicine <\/li><\/ol><p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El impacto de los PFAS en la Agricultura: Podem protegir els cultius sense danyar el medi ambient i la salut? L\u00e2\u20ac\u2122agricultura europea ha avan\u00e7at significativament en la regulaci\u00f3 dels productes fitosanitaris amb l\u00e2\u20ac\u2122objectiu de garantir la seguretat aliment\u00c3\u00a0ria i la sostenibilitat ambiental. La Directiva 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf) va marcar un punt d\u00e2\u20ac\u2122inflexi\u00f3 en revisar i excloure […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":37783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1316,1328,1330],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-cat","category-desafios-en-la-agricultura","category-reptes-a-lagricultura"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L'impacte dels PFAS en l'agricultura | Biocontrol Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/ca\/2025\/03\/27\/limpacte-dels-pfas-en-lagricultura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'impacte dels PFAS en l'agricultura | Biocontrol Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El impacto de los PFAS en la Agricultura: Podem protegir els cultius sense danyar el medi ambient i la salut? 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