{"id":23689,"date":"2024-11-19T12:00:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T11:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/rhizoctonia-solani-in-potato-crops\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T13:57:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T12:57:47","slug":"rhizoctonia-solani-in-potato-crops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2024\/11\/19\/rhizoctonia-solani-in-potato-crops\/","title":{"rendered":"Control of rhizoctonia solani in potato crop (Part I): The Pathogen."},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- Added by Post\/Page Specific Custom Code plugin, thank you for using! -->\n<style>.single-post .wp-post-image {\r\n\tdisplay: none;\r\n}<\/style>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"23689\" class=\"elementor elementor-23689 elementor-23540\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a9329d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a9329d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f726664\" data-id=\"f726664\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf48603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf48603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rhizoctonia Solani, black scab or stem canker (RHIZSO)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab29e91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab29e91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Rhizoctonia solani<\/i> in Potato Crops. Part I <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae38ab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae38ab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction to Disease, Classification, Symptoms and Pathogen Cycle.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f7d1b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f7d1b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc359b4\" data-id=\"dc359b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89e88b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b89e88b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9131b18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9131b18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>From Biocontrol Technologies we are back with a new blog to talk about one of the fungal pathogens that most impact agriculture: <em>Rhizoctonia spp.<\/em> We will focus especially on potato, a crop of high global relevance that suffers significantly the effects of <em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em> species.<\/b><\/p><p>In this entry we will discuss their taxonomic classification, the diseases they cause in potato crops and the characteristic symptoms that facilitate their diagnosis and their biological cycle, which gives us valuable information for control strategies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c0c0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"33c0c0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1247\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Diseno-sin-titulo-31.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36692\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Diseno-sin-titulo-31.jpg 1247w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Diseno-sin-titulo-31-768x272.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Diseno-sin-titulo-31-600x212.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1247px) 100vw, 1247px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f679ef elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6f679ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c44374 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c44374\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f6f150\" data-id=\"0f6f150\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9455908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9455908\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Taxonomic Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08d35ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08d35ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The fungus <em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>, (K\u00fchn 1858) belonging to the genus <em>Rhizoctonia<\/em>, is a pathogen of the family <em>Ceratobasidiaceae<\/em>, order <em>Ceratobasidiales<\/em>, and of the kingdom <em>Fungi<\/em>, phylum <em>Basidiomycota<\/em>, class <em>Agaricomycotina<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c628cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c628cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sexual reproduction (teleomorphic form) of this fungus, known as <em>Thanatephorus cucumeris<\/em>, occurs with the fusion of its hyphae that form basidia. The fusion of these hyphae is quite specific and forms groups of anastomosis (GA) that can be differentiated from each other. These groups are specific to the crops it infects, for example, potato is mainly affected by GA 3 (Chaudhary, S. et al., 2024), rarely other GA produce disease in potato.  <\/p><p>In the absence of host plants, the pathogen survives in the soil, in the form of latent sclerotia, also as a saprophyte feeding on organic remains of the soil and as a parasite on the remains of its own roots. Its permanence in the soil will depend on the levels of disease (initial concentration) and will be subject to optimal climatic conditions for this pathogen. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-553feea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"553feea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a5fb63\" data-id=\"2a5fb63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0623b09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0623b09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kingdom:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1afc1c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1afc1c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Filo:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-552f217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"552f217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Class:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7139751 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7139751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Order:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b59020e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b59020e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Family:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a6c2d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a6c2d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gender:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f184e4\" data-id=\"0f184e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75a480 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e75a480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fungi<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9deb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9deb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Basidiomycota<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bea5067 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bea5067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Agaricomycotina<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0088b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0088b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ceratobasidiales<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdc33d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdc33d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ceratobasidiaceae<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce4c0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bce4c0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rhizoctonia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9dcf5c\" data-id=\"f9dcf5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3f4c7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e3f4c7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Black-Scurf-resized.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36693\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Potato affected by Rhizoctonia Solani.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f3697b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f3697b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Did you know that...?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb0de15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb0de15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"none\">&#8230;<\/span><em>R. solani<\/em> affects many crop families: <i>fabaceae<\/i>, <i>solanaceae<\/i>, <i>poaceae<\/i>, <i>asteraceae<\/i>, etc.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Unlike other fungi, <b><b>Rhizoctonia<\/b> solani<\/b> (asexual or anamorphic form) does not produce easily identifiable spores, which complicates its taxonomic classification, which is why it is called &#8220;<em>sterile mycelium&#8221;<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eed411f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6eed411f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/559-6.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36694\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/559-6.png 860w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/559-6-768x259.png 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/559-6-600x202.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-035921f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"035921f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a307ab5\" data-id=\"a307ab5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2349dc1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2349dc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bf8b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bf8b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Disease and Symptoms of <i>Rhizoctonia solani <\/i> on Potatoes\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c913603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c913603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em> is a versatile pathogen capable of infecting different parts of the plant at various stages of its development, causing different symptoms depending on the affected organ: stem and stolon canker and black scurf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6b9c84 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"e6b9c84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRhizoctonia Canker\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStem Canker\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis symptom causes the most damage to potatoes. Stem canker appears in the subway parts of the plant, with brown to reddish-brown lesions that sink into the tissue and have a dry, rough texture. These lesions can surround the stem and disrupt the flow of water and nutrients, weakening the plant and leading to irregular, poor and stunted growth. Affected plants often appear stunted and may produce few or no tubers. When infections are severe, canker can kill young shoots or stolons, causing significant yield losses.    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-371976a elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"371976a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStolon and Root Canker.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImage .https:\/\/www.infojardin.com\/ \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStolon and Root Canker.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInfection can also occur in stolons, reducing the number of tubers per plant, while when roots are affected, nutrient uptake from leaves to tubers is affected, reducing the size and number of tubers produced. When stolons are severely affected, small, misshapen tubers are formed, often green and shallow, which are not marketable. The formation of these aerial tubers indicates a disruption of the flow of carbohydrates to the subway tubers, which negatively affects production.  \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee43d4 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"9ee43d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBlack Scurf\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImage. EPPO Int. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBlack Scurf\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis is the most visible and recognizable symptom of R. solani infection. In the final stage of its cycle, the fungus produces dark, hard masses called sclerotia, resistance structures that adhere to the tuber surface as small irregular black spots. These structures do not directly penetrate or damage tuber tissue, but their presence diminishes its commercial quality and perpetuates the disease either by detaching and remaining in the soil and\/or if these infected tubers are used as seeds. Therefore, although it does not directly affect the internal integrity of the tuber, its persistence contributes to the dissemination of the fungus and to the reduction of quality.   \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-319bb96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"319bb96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Other symptoms of this disease:<\/strong> The presence of lesions in the subway parts of the plant can lead to deformities in the foliage, such as dwarfing, leaf curling and rosette appearance in affected shoots, which can be confused with symptoms of viruses such as potato leaf roll virus.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-61d94b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61d94b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea133db\" data-id=\"ea133db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10d64dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"10d64dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"1130\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/119-Figure3.9-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36695\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/119-Figure3.9-1.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/119-Figure3.9-1-768x692.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/119-Figure3.9-1-600x541.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1254px) 100vw, 1254px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Das, S. (2013). Rhizoctonia solani on potato in New Zealand: pathogen characterisation and identification of double-stranded RNA viruses that may affect their virulence. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-375dd18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"375dd18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Disease symptoms on potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani under glasshouse and shadehouse conditions. <\/strong><\/p><p>(A) Cankerous lesions on below ground stems; <\/p><p>(B) cankerous lesions on root system; <\/p><p>(C) stolon lesion and tip burning; <\/p><p>(D) severe black scurf on progeny tubers produced by plants inoculated with AG-3PT under shadehouse conditions; <\/p><p>(<span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">E) negligible black scurf on progeny tubers produced by plants inoculated with an AG-2-1 tester isolate;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(F) malformed tubers by AG-2Nt isolates from New Zealand; <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(G) hymenia on potato stems under shadehouse conditions; <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(H) hymenia on potato stems under glasshouse conditions; <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(I) aerial tuber formation by AG-2Nt isolates from New Zealand under shadehouse conditions; <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(J) hymenium formation on an aerial tuber under shadehouse conditions;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">(K) basidiospores identified in hymenia by microscopic observation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe315a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe315a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The term <strong>hymenia (hymenium)<\/strong> refers to the set of reproductive structures of certain fungi, in particular the fertile layer where the sexual spores are formed. In basidiomycetes (the group to which Rhizoctonia solani belongs), the hymenium is the part of the fungus that produces and releases basidiospores, the sexual reproductive units. <\/p><p>However, it is important to note that <strong>Rhizoctonia solani<\/strong> rarely produces sexual structures under natural conditions, as its predominant reproduction is asexual by mycelium and sclerotia (resistance structures). The vegetative and asexual phases of the fungus are responsible for symptoms in potato crops. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40ea3e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40ea3e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97668da\" data-id=\"97668da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-907aaa8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"907aaa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e622ea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e622ea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Biological Cycle of <i>Rhizoctonia solani<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47fd949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47fd949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The life cycle of the pathogen is characterized by its ability to persist in soil and crop debris, which facilitates its reappearance year after year. Its cycle in potato can be described as follows: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6f1a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c6f1a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1284\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ciclo-rhizoctonia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-36696\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ciclo-rhizoctonia.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ciclo-rhizoctonia-768x822.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ciclo-rhizoctonia-600x642.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Chaudhary, S., Lal, M., Sagar, S. et al. (2024) Black scurf of potato: Insights into biology, diagnosis, detection, host-pathogen interaction, and management strategies. Tropical Plant Pathology, 49, 169\u2013192 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40858-023-00622-4<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d640097 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d640097\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-473e6d7\" data-id=\"473e6d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b8617f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"4b8617f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7911\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7911\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Onset of Infection:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7911\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7911\"><p>Infection in potato starts from contaminated soil or infected seed tubers. <em>R. solani<\/em> can survive in the soil as mycelium or in the form of sclerotia (resistance structures that may be dormant for years). When infected potatoes are planted or in infected soil, the fungus moves from the inoculum to the growing shoot, infecting the subway stem. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1734a2\" data-id=\"f1734a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffbc3b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ffbc3b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rhizoctonia_ciclo_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36697\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28b4679 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28b4679\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-984d1c4\" data-id=\"984d1c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19bc1ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"19bc1ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">2. Optimal Conditions for Development: <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2691\"><p>The fungus grows actively in conditions of low soil temperature (below 10\u00b0C), high humidity and soils with neutral to slightly acid pH. These conditions hinder the rapid emergence of shoots, favoring the fungus in its infection and development in non-chlorophyllous and more susceptible plant tissue. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d437450\" data-id=\"d437450\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3350836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3350836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rhizoctonia_ciclo_2.2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36698\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-abef52d\" data-id=\"abef52d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a50b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9a50b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rhizoctonia_ciclo_2.1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36699\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c641ae7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c641ae7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef9ed34\" data-id=\"ef9ed34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f0eb6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"8f0eb6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">3. Spread of Infection: <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1501\"><p>Roots and stolons can become infected at any time during the crop cycle, but the most serious damage occurs in the early stages, when the fungus penetrates the tender tissue of emerging shoots, forming cankers that can arrest the growth of stolons and stems. This directly affects tuber production and quality, reducing yield. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-272318c\" data-id=\"272318c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebad2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cebad2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"435\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ADRI_1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36700\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c089c6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c089c6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-00cfe7d\" data-id=\"00cfe7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c3eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"95c3eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1571\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1571\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">4. Sclerotia formation at the end of the cycle: <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1571\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1571\"><p>At the end of the season, especially after plant wilting, <em>R. solani<\/em> produces sclerotia on young tubers, which serve as a reservoir inoculum for future infections. Although not all tubers formed on infected plants develop sclerotia, sclerotia mainly form under the right conditions and may continue to form during storage if the environment is conducive. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d802550\" data-id=\"d802550\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3690fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3690fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Rhizoctonia_ciclo_4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36701\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-235d307 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235d307\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cadc6ea\" data-id=\"cadc6ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ac804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"53ac804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-8771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-8771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">5. Survival for the Next Season:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-8771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-8771\"><p>At the end of the season, especially after plant wilting, <em>R. solani<\/em> produces sclerotia on young tubers, which serve as a reservoir inoculum for future infections. Although not all tubers formed on infected plants develop sclerotia, sclerotia mainly form under the right conditions and may continue to form during storage if the environment is conducive. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be444fc\" data-id=\"be444fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6588c85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6588c85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ADRI_2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36702\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53620602 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53620602\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b894bf0\" data-id=\"5b894bf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9da72d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9da72d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d73bd2\" data-id=\"0d73bd2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4f7e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b4f7e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sin-titulo-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-36703\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b1ea25\" data-id=\"9b1ea25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46910da elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"46910da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">6. Mechanisms of Infection and Resistance:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7391\"><p>Although the fungus can easily penetrate young, susceptible tissue in subway shoots, plant resistance increases as the plant emerges and develops chlorophyll. For this reason, damage tends to be reduced in later stages of growth as the tissues strengthen. However, sclerotia remaining on tubers and in the soil remain an active source of infection.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ad9d3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10ad9d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-618def5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"618def5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. References<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cf0bf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cf0bf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b149ef\" data-id=\"5b149ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e795a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33e795a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1. <strong>Root rot, <em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Mexico:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/600968\/Pudrici_n_de_la_ra_z.pdf\">https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/600968\/Pudrici_n_de_la_ra_z.pdf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2855811 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2855811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>2<strong><em>.Rhizoctonia solani<\/em> in potatoes and its control, University of Waeningen:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/edepot.wur.nl\/305202\">https:\/\/edepot.wur.nl\/305202<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca864fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca864fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>3. <strong>Rhizoctonia Canker and Black Scurf of Potato, Cornell University:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegetables.cornell.edu\/pest-management\/disease-factsheets\/rhizoctonia-canker-and-black-scurf-of-potato\/\">https:\/\/www.vegetables.cornell.edu\/pest-management\/disease-factsheets\/rhizoctonia-canker-and-black-scurf-of-potato\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed30d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ed30d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>4. <strong>Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato, University of Idaho:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/objects.lib.uidaho.edu\/uiext\/uiext32100.pdf\">https:\/\/objects.lib.uidaho.edu\/uiext\/uiext32100.pdf<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5faf4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5faf4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>5. <strong>Bulletin #2273, Potato Facts: Rhizoctonia Diseases on Potatoes, University of maine:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2273e\/\">https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/2273e\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef96388 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef96388\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>6. Ajayi\u2010Oyetunde, O. O., &amp; Bradley, C. A. (2018). <strong><em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>: taxonomy, population biology and management of rhizoctonia seedling disease of soybean. <\/strong><em>Plant pathology<\/em>, <em>67<\/em>(1), 3-17.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a51bf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a51bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>7. Chaudhary, S., Lal, M., Sagar, S., Sharma, S., &amp; Kumar, M. (2024).<strong> Black scurf of potato: Insights into biology, diagnosis, detection, host-pathogen interaction, and management strategies. <\/strong><em>Tropical Plant Pathology<\/em>, 49(2), 169-192<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9714e0f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"9714e0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;waves&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M421.9,6.5c22.6-2.5,51.5,0.4,75.5,5.3c23.6,4.9,70.9,23.5,100.5,35.7c75.8,32.2,133.7,44.5,192.6,49.7\n\tc23.6,2.1,48.7,3.5,103.4-2.5c54.7-6,106.2-25.6,106.2-25.6V0H0v30.3c0,0,72,32.6,158.4,30.5c39.2-0.7,92.8-6.7,134-22.4\n\tc21.2-8.1,52.2-18.2,79.7-24.2C399.3,7.9,411.6,7.5,421.9,6.5z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7746f0\" data-id=\"f7746f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c670b53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c670b53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Next Entry: <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cc1ff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4cc1ff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Control Strategies<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f577b33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f577b33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In our next blog, we will explore prevention and control strategies for <em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em> in potato<em>(Solanum tuberosum<\/em>), addressing biological control alternatives with the biological fungicide <strong>RootDei Biocontrol\u00ae<\/strong>, the new solution from <em>Biocontrol<\/em><em>Technologies\u00ae<\/em>, S.L. that allows an effective management of the disease without resorting to chemical fungicides.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhizoctonia Solani, black scab or stem canker (RHIZSO) Rhizoctonia solani in Potato Crops. Part I Introduction to Disease, Classification, Symptoms and Pathogen Cycle. 1. Introduction From Biocontrol Technologies we are back with a new blog to talk about one of the fungal pathogens that most impact agriculture: Rhizoctonia spp. We will focus especially on potato, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":37789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1317,1324],"tags":[1238,718,722,460],"class_list":["post-23689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-eng","category-crop-diseases","tag-agricultura-en","tag-patata-en","tag-rhizoctonia-solani-en","tag-rootdei-biocontrol-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Control of rhizoctonia solani in potato crop (Part I): The Pathogen. | Biocontrol Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2024\/11\/19\/rhizoctonia-solani-in-potato-crops\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Control of rhizoctonia solani in potato crop (Part I): The Pathogen. | Biocontrol Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rhizoctonia Solani, black scab or stem canker (RHIZSO) Rhizoctonia solani in Potato Crops. Part I Introduction to Disease, Classification, Symptoms and Pathogen Cycle. 1. 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