{"id":26160,"date":"2025-03-27T08:02:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T08:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/the-impact-of-pfass-on-agriculture\/"},"modified":"2026-03-10T13:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T12:59:50","slug":"the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

The impact of PFAs on Agriculture:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Can we protect crops without harming the environment and health?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

European agriculture has made significant progress in the regulation of plant protection products with the aim of ensuring food safety and environmental sustainability. Directive 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf)<\/a> marked a milestone by reviewing and excluding active substances (AS) with health and environmental risks, as well as harmonizing their application in the different Member States. As a result, on June 14, 2011, Regulation (EC) 1107\/2009(https:\/\/www.boe.es\/doue\/2009\/309\/L00001-00050.pdf)<\/a> replaced this regulation, eliminating approximately 74% of the previously authorized active substances. <\/p>

However, despite these efforts, it is estimated that between 60-70% of European agricultural soils are not in a healthy condition due to pollution and overexploitation, in addition to the effects of climate change. To reverse this situation, the European Green Pact<\/strong> has set the ambitious goal of achieving healthy soils by 2050<\/strong>, driving the proposed Soil Monitoring Act<\/strong>, set for July 5, 2023. This regulation will provide a legal framework to assess soil quality in all Member States, identify sources of contamination and establish sustainable agricultural practices. <\/p>

One of the established problems is the presence of PFAs (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), known as “everlasting chemicals”<\/strong> because of their persistence in the environment. Certain herbicides and fungicides belonging to the trifluoromethyl groups, such as Flufenacet<\/strong> (herbicide) and Flutolanil<\/strong> (fungicide), have been found to degrade into TFA (trifluoroacetic acid)<\/strong>, products that are being evaluated by the European Commission. <\/p>

This situation raises serious concerns in key vegetable-producing regions such as potatoes in Europe, in countries such as Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, northern France and England, where the use of these products could be compromising soil and water quality.<\/p>

This blog explores the problems associated with PFAs in agriculture<\/strong>, their impact on soil and human health, the evolution of European regulations and, above all, sustainable alternatives to these inputs. <\/p>

The objective of this blog is to provide clear information based on scientific evidence for farmers, technicians and agronomic advisors, promoting alternative, effective and environmentally friendly solutions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

1. TFA-emitting pesticides: PFASs \"hidden\" in the field.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

In modern agriculture, certain pesticides incorporate fluorine atoms in their chemical composition. This is the case of Flufenacet<\/strong> and Flutolanil<\/strong>, phytosanitary products widely used in crops as relevant as cereals or potatoes. We focus on these two active ingredients as they are in the process of evaluation in the EU to withdraw\/ban them. These inputs are not the only ones that produce PFAs, a more complete list of active substances that produce them is available below: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tList of active substances producing\/containing PFAs (Substances authorized in Europe)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Beflubutamid<\/strong><\/td>\nCyflufenamid<\/strong><\/td>\nCyflumetofen<\/strong><\/td>\nDiflufenican<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flazasulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\nFlonicamid<\/strong><\/td>\nFluazifop-P<\/strong><\/td>\nFluazinam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flubendiamide<\/strong><\/td>\nFlufenacet<\/strong><\/td>\nFlumetralin<\/strong><\/td>\nFluometuron<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fluopicolide<\/strong><\/td>\nFluopyram<\/strong><\/td>\nFlurochloridone<\/strong><\/td>\nFlutianil<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flutolanil<\/strong><\/td>\nGamma-Cyhalothrin<\/strong><\/td>\nIsoxaflutole<\/strong><\/td>\nLambda-Cyhalothrin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mefentrifluconazole<\/strong><\/td>\nMetaflumizone<\/strong><\/td>\nOxathiapiprolin<\/strong><\/td>\nOxyfluorfen<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Penoxsulam<\/strong><\/td>\nPenthiopyrad<\/strong><\/td>\nPicolinafen<\/strong><\/td>\nProsulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pyridate<\/strong><\/td>\nPyriofenone<\/strong><\/td>\nPyroxasulfone<\/strong><\/td>\nSulfoxaflor<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tau-Fluvalinate<\/strong><\/td>\nTefluthrin<\/strong><\/td>\nTembotrione<\/strong><\/td>\nTetraconazole<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trifloxystrobin<\/strong><\/td>\nTriflusulfuron<\/strong><\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Table 2<\/strong>: *Information on active substances with PFAS compounds authorized in Europe has been extracted from the PAN Europe report: “PFAS Pesticides in European Agriculture”, published in November 2023. Available at:https:\/\/www.pan-europe.info\/…\/PFAS%20Pesticides%20report%20November%202023.pdf<\/a>
<\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t

Flufenacet<\/b>: Persistent herbicide with neurological developmental effects.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Flufenacet<\/strong> is a pre-emergence herbicide used for the control of annual weeds in cereals (wheat, barley), potato and corn<\/strong> in some countries. It belongs to the acetanilide family and has been the subject of studies in the EU that have confirmed its role as a precursor of TFA in soil, but it also has other risks: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t

Main environmental and health risks:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

European models have shown that Flufenacet can generate more than 10 \u00b5g\/L of TFA in leachate at a depth of 1 meter<\/strong>, increasing the risk of water contamination.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Recent studies suggest that Flufenacet may act as an endocrine disruptor<\/strong>, affecting early neurological development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Currently, its renewal in the EU has not been approved for 2024<\/strong>, reflecting concerns about its environmental and toxicological impact.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t

Flutolanil<\/b>: Potato fungicide with immunotoxic potential.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Flutolanil<\/strong> is a systemic fungicide of the anilide group, widely used in potato cultivation for the control of black scab (Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>)<\/strong>, but with serious risks associated with its use: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t

Main environmental and health risks:<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

It is a persistent to very persistent<\/strong> compound in soil<\/strong> and highly prone to leaching, increasing the risk of water contamination.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

EFSA has confirmed that Flutolanil forms TFA as a metabolite<\/strong>, highlighting its hazardousness.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Possible immunotoxic effects<\/strong> have been reported, in addition to the lack of data on the toxicity of its metabolites in treated foods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

4<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

In the field, Flutolanil and its metabolite M-11 can reach surface waters<\/strong>, affecting aquatic ecosystems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

5<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Its renewal in the EU is also under review and has not been approved for 2024.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\n \n \n Responsive Table<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n background-color: #f4f4f4;\n }\n\n table {\n width: 100%;\n margin: 20px 0;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\n }\n\n th, td {\n padding: 15px;\n text-align: left;\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n\n th {\n background-color: #e0e0e0;\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n\n tr:nth-child(even) {\n background-color: #fafafa;\n }\n\n tr:hover {\n background-color: #f1f1f1;\n }\n\n .responsive-table {\n overflow-x: auto;\n -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n }\n\n @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {\n th, td {\n padding: 10px;\n font-size: 12px;\n }\n\n table {\n font-size: 12px;\n }\n }\n <\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"responsive-table\">\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>ACTIVE SUBSTANCE<\/th>\n <th>TYPE OF PESTICIDE (MAIN USE)<\/th>\n <th>PERSISTENCE IN SOIL<\/th>\n <th>METABOLITE TFA<\/th>\n <th>TOXICOLOGICAL RISKS<\/th>\n <th>REGULATORY SITUATION (EU)<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>FLUFENACET<\/td>\n <td>HERBICIDE (ACETAMIDE)<\/td>\n <td>VERY PERSISTENT (VP)<\/td>\n <td>YES (RELEVANT TFA)<\/td>\n <td>ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR<\/td>\n <td>NO RENEWAL<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FLUTOLANIL<\/td>\n <td>FUNGICIDE (ANILIDE)<\/td>\n <td>PERSISTENT<\/td>\n <td>YES (TFA CONFIRMED)<\/td>\n <td>IMMUNOTOXICITY<\/td>\n <td>NON-RENEWAL PROPOSED FOR 2024<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c6ece86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c6ece86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e66c5d6\" data-id=\"e66c5d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc5984 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bc5984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Table 1.<\/strong> Comparative summary of the characteristics of the herbicide Flufenacet and the fungicide Flutolanil, both with the problematic trait of generating TFAs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624568e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"624568e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Current data reinforce the need to seek <strong>safer and more sustainable alternatives<\/strong> for the control of weeds and diseases such as <strong><em>Rhizoctonia<\/em> in potato crops<\/strong>, without compromising soil health and water quality. In the following sections, we will explore innovative solutions that allow <strong>effective and sustainable crop protection<\/strong> without resorting to compounds with long-term negative effects. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd072ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd072ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-619f493\" data-id=\"619f493\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68f1741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68f1741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Soil and water contamination by TFA: A growing environmental challenge.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e12e3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66e12e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>TFA<\/strong> is not only found in <strong>agricultural soils<\/strong>, but also in <strong>groundwater, rivers<\/strong> and even <strong>human blood<\/strong>. In the most recent studies, <strong>TFA<\/strong> concentrations have been found to be considerably higher than those of any other pesticide, metabolite or PFAS compound, underscoring the magnitude of the problem and the urgent need to address it. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01d43ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01d43ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evidence of widespread contamination:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ebe31f2 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ebe31f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b3b9b2\" data-id=\"4b3b9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2eb02f elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"a2eb02f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSwitzerland\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn Switzerland, 550 out of 550 groundwater samples contained TFA in 2022\/2023. Even in remote areas such as the Alps, traces of the compound (\u22640.6 \u00b5g\/L) were detected, presumably by rainfall. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aeb6f98\" data-id=\"aeb6f98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac1d1cd elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac1d1cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8619fe6\" data-id=\"8619fe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6d4b6 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"9d6d4b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBelgium - Flanders\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn intensive agricultural areas such as Flanders (Belgium), the concentration of TFA in groundwater can exceed 12 \u00b5g\/L, which exceeds the 0.1 \u00b5g\/L limit for pesticide metabolites in drinking water by more than 120 times. \n<br><br>In addition, a study conducted in Wallonia (southern Belgium) found TFA in 93% of tap water samples, confirming the dissemination of the contaminant even in treated water. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94cada\" data-id=\"c94cada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9f86d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9f86d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d87ef0f\" data-id=\"d87ef0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ed4db2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ed4db2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b0ac96\" data-id=\"0b0ac96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90c10c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90c10c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Challenge for water companies:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab6895f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab6895f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">The <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">water utilities<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\"> water utilities have warned that removing TFA from drinking water is technically <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">technically complicated and costly<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">. The best strategy is <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">prevent their entry<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\"> into water resources through source control <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">control at source<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">This underscores the urgency of adopting sustainable agricultural practices that reduce the use of polluting pesticides. <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">reduce the use of polluting pesticides.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW50226647 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW50226647 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7425dc1\" data-id=\"7425dc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9207ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9207ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact on soil and crops:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c087658 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c087658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although TFA is highly soluble and moves with water, it can persist in the <strong>soil profile<\/strong> long enough to be taken up by plants. TFA residues have been detected in <strong>crops and plant foods<\/strong>, albeit at low concentrations. However, the <strong>greatest concern<\/strong> lies in <strong>groundwater<\/strong>: TFA <strong>resists conventional water treatment<\/strong>, making it difficult to remove and posing risks to human health. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-339672f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"339672f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"822\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26098\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521-768x617.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/TFA-schematic-e1743068504521-600x482.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-562da64 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"562da64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small><br><b>Figure 2<\/b>: Schematic depicting the environmental fate of PFAs. <\/small><small>Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/\">https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5e1808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c5e1808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Risks to human and environmental health: A growing challenge.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5760f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact on human health.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f048083 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f048083\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although <strong>TFA<\/strong> was initially considered to be of low acute toxicity, <strong>new scientific evidence<\/strong> suggests that its long-term effects may be <strong>more serious<\/strong> than previously thought. <\/p><p>In 2023, one of the indirect producers of TFA-generating pesticides proposed to classify TFA as <strong>reproductive toxicant<\/strong> (category 1B), following studies that showed <strong>reproductive harm<\/strong> in animals. This finding implies that, like other <strong>PFASs<\/strong>, TFA could affect <strong>fertility<\/strong> and <strong>fetal development<\/strong>. <\/p><p>Some of the potential risks are highlighted below:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b33fba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b33fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1030\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26102\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804-768x544.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PFAs-huma-health-e1743069023804-600x425.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d382c24 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d382c24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small><b>Figure 3<\/b>: Toxicological effects of PFAs on the human body. <\/small><small>Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/\">https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/ebook\/pfas-forever-chemicals-perfluoroalkyl-toxicology\/155899\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-46370af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46370af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f05da8a\" data-id=\"f05da8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f94d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f94d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flufenacet <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90c7113 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90c7113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> has been identified by <strong>EFSA<\/strong> as an <strong>endocrine disruptor<\/strong>, with evidence that it may affect <strong>thyroid hormones<\/strong> and <strong>brain development<\/strong> in toxicological studies. This is of particular concern for <strong>children’s<\/strong> health, as it may contribute to neurological or developmental problems. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48946b2\" data-id=\"48946b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efb153e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efb153e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flutolanil<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0061f94 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0061f94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Flutolanil<\/strong>, on the other hand, has shown signs of <strong>immunotoxicity<\/strong>, suggesting that it could affect the immune system. Although conclusive data in humans are lacking, these findings call for caution, especially when it comes to <strong>prolonged exposure<\/strong> to this compound. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b1212 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b1212\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79a4a9b\" data-id=\"79a4a9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db65506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db65506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PFAs<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4fb2ec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4fb2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>This concern is compounded if we consider the toxic effects that PFAS compounds can have on human biology. The image shows the main areas of the human body affected by <strong>PFASs<\/strong>, with different levels of scientific certainty. <\/p><p>Among the most evident effects are <strong>neurotoxicity<\/strong> (alteration of neurotransmission), <strong>endocrine disruption<\/strong> (affecting the thyroid and sex hormone axis), and <strong>immunotoxicity<\/strong> (immunosuppression and chronic inflammation).<\/p><p>Damage to the liver (steatosis and risk of NAFLD), kidney (renal cancer), pancreas, male reproductive system and possible effects on fetal development are also reported.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cfa917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cfa917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ecological impact and persistence: Long-term risks.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b43f7c4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b43f7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The use of these pesticides not only affects treated crops, but also poses a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf1f73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cdf1f73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Toxicity to aquatic organisms<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caa4b1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9caa4b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Flufenacet is highly toxic to aquatic plants, and its runoff can contaminate water bodies, putting fish and aquatic invertebrates at risk. Studies in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have shown that chronic exposure to Flutolanil causes <strong>liver damage, endocrine disruption and reproductive problems<\/strong>. In addition, environmentally relevant concentrations of this fungicide cause <strong>neurological dysfunction and loss of vision in fish larvae<\/strong>, affecting their survival. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ba92d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61ba92d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact on pollinators and soil biota<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c0af3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c0af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is feared that Flutolanil may also affect the <strong>immunity of bees and other beneficial insects<\/strong>, making them more vulnerable to disease. In the soil, the combination of TFA with other pesticides could disrupt the balance of microorganisms and earthworms, which are essential for soil fertility. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a2d3c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a2d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> and <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> do not accumulate significantly in the <strong>food chain<\/strong> (due to their relative polarity), their <strong>persistent metabolites<\/strong> such as <strong>TFA<\/strong> continue to accumulate in the environment, especially in <strong>water, sediments<\/strong> and <strong>soils<\/strong>. This raises serious questions about <strong>long-term<\/strong> effects on ecosystems, as wild organisms continue to be continuously exposed to these compounds. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c57034c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c57034c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Persistence of TFA in ecosystems: <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-370ce4f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"370ce4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although Flufenacet and Flutolanil do not bioaccumulate significantly in the food chain, their <strong>metabolite TFA does persist in the environment<\/strong>, accumulating in water, soil and plant tissues. Their presence in crops poses the risk of a possible entry into the food chain, with as yet unknown effects on higher organisms. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8fdd625 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8fdd625\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26f057f\" data-id=\"26f057f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddc20e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddc20e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. European regulations and possible restrictions.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b742403 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b742403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A step towards environmental and human protection<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e999519 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e999519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Residues from the manufacture<\/strong> <strong>of pesticides that generate TFA <\/strong>are also pollutants. This dispersion again puts human health at risk, as contamination can arrive indirectly through <strong>contaminated drinking water<\/strong> and, to a lesser extent, through <strong>residues in food<\/strong>. It is therefore crucial to apply the <strong>precautionary principle<\/strong>, considering potentially harmful effects in order to minimize risks and protect both human health and the environment. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff192fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff192fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26138\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01-600x335.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbda179 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbda179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Growing <strong>scientific and public concern<\/strong> about the impact of TFA has led to <strong>significant regulatory action<\/strong> at the European level. The <strong>European Commission<\/strong>, together with several EU countries, has begun to take concrete steps to address this challenge, seeking solutions that reduce exposure and promote more sustainable agricultural practices. <\/p><p>In <strong>December 2024<\/strong>, they formally proposed not to renew the authorization of the active substances <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> and <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> in the <strong>EU<\/strong>. This decision, still pending in the <strong>PAFF Standing Committee<\/strong>, is based on <strong>EFSA reports<\/strong>: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77e3d9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77e3d9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-54e34ca\" data-id=\"54e34ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1684d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a1684d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flufenacet <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315af05 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"315af05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>EFSA has confirmed unacceptable risks due to its <strong>endocrine disrupting potential<\/strong> and the high probability of TFA <strong>contamination of aquifers<\/strong>. <\/p><p>In fact, the <strong>German Environmental Agency<\/strong> had already identified Flufenacet as a major source of TFA in Germany in 2017.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a52ae9b\" data-id=\"a52ae9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{"background_background":"classic"}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41cfa5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41cfa5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Flutolanil<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e13415 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e13415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>EFSA also noted <strong>serious data gaps<\/strong> on metabolites in food, in addition to risks to workers, <strong>wild mammals<\/strong>, <strong>aquatic organisms<\/strong> and <strong>bees<\/strong>. Given its potential to generate TFA in the environment, non-renewal is proposed to <strong>protect health and the environment<\/strong>. Non-renewal could result in a <strong>ban on their use<\/strong> from 2025, with a limited grace period. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ad8a7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78ad8a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For the first time, pesticides containing <strong>PFASs<\/strong> are being recognized as part of a broader problem. Approximately <strong>one in eight active substances<\/strong> authorized in the EU is a <strong>PFAS<\/strong> (37 substances in total), including those that generate <strong>TFA<\/strong> or other persistent fluorinated products. Examples of these pesticides include <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong>, <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong>, <strong>Diflufenican<\/strong> and <strong>Fluazinam<\/strong>. The European Commission is evaluating measures to <strong>phase out<\/strong> these substances from the market. In addition, the proposed global restriction of PFASs under <strong>REACH<\/strong> (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation) would also include pesticides, which could accelerate the phase-out of these compounds. <\/p><p>These measures seek to curb the <strong>“invisible rain” of TFA<\/strong>, protecting both <strong>ecosystems<\/strong> and <strong>human health<\/strong> in the long term. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-469459c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"469459c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Alternative Solutions and Sustainable Strategies.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92b297b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92b297b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The road to greener management<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f896c5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f896c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the possibility of pesticides such as <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> and <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> being restricted, it is crucial that farmers begin to adopt <strong>sustainable strategies<\/strong> to maintain productivity without compromising the environment. If the classification of <strong>TFA as a relevant metabolite<\/strong> is confirmed under European legislation, this would prevent the approval of pesticides that generate it, further increasing the need for responsible alternatives. <\/p><p>Fortunately, there are several viable options to control weeds and diseases in a safer and more efficient manner. This scenario underscores the urgency of taking proactive measures, seeking solutions that will ensure a healthier and more sustainable future for agriculture and the environment. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b6b139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b6b139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Integrated Weed Management (IWM)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b20fdaf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b20fdaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>EIF<\/strong> is a strategy that combines several management practices to reduce reliance on persistent chemical herbicides. Some of the alternatives include: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015acc9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"015acc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1421\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1421\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Crop rotation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1421\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1421\"><p><strong>Crop rotation<\/strong>: Alternating crops that suppress winter weeds, such as <strong>rye<\/strong> or <strong>mustard<\/strong>, helps reduce the need for herbicides.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1422\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1422\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vegetable covers<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1422\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1422\"><p><strong>Mulches<\/strong>: Post-harvest mulches can be shredded or incorporated into the soil, helping to control weeds before the next planting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1423\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1423\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Mechanical tillage<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1423\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1423\"><p><strong>Mechanical tillage<\/strong>: Techniques such as <strong>false seeding<\/strong> and <strong>mechanical weeding<\/strong> (rotary hoeing) are effective in controlling weed seedlings without the need for chemicals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1424\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1424\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Selective herbicides<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1424\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1424\"><p><strong>Selective herbicides<\/strong>: If herbicide is required, products without <strong>PFAS<\/strong> groups and with less risk of <strong>leaching<\/strong> can be chosen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1425\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1425\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Electric weeding: <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1425\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1425\"><p><strong>Electric weeding<\/strong>: In countries such as <strong>Germany<\/strong>, technologies are being tested that apply electricity to weeds to eliminate them without using chemicals, thus reducing the environmental impact.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b125b35 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b125b35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These practices allow for effective weed control and a <strong>significant reduction<\/strong> in herbicide use, achieving similar or better yields than traditional methods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ad1733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ad1733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Control of black scab<i>(Rhizoctonia solani<\/i>) in potato.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5d5ff1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5d5ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> has traditionally been used to control <strong>black scab<\/strong> on potatoes, but there are biological and cultural alternatives that offer <strong>more sustainable solutions<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00cde23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00cde23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biopesticides<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dec6a5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dec6a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Various strains of microorganisms, such as <strong><em>Bacillus spp.<\/em><\/strong> y <strong><em>Pseudomonas spp.<\/em><\/strong>act as competitors of the fungus <strong><em>R. solani<\/em><\/strong> in the rhizosphere of the plant, reducing the incidence of the disease. The fungi<em> <strong>Trichoderma spp.<\/strong> <\/em>fungi are also effective, creating a natural barrier against the pathogen. <\/p><p>An innovative example is the product <strong>RootDei Biocontrol\u00ae<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/rootdei-biocontrol\/\">(https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/rootdei-biocontrol\/)<\/a>(recently introduced to the industry), which uses the unique <em>Trichoderma asperellum<\/em> strain T34 for in-furrow application to protect the roots while improving the yield of marketable tubers. In addition, this product contributes to reduce the incidence of other soil pathogens. T34 has been demonstrated to be a residue-free treatment (see more details here<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32005R0396\">(https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/ES\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32005R0396).<\/a> Such solutions not only eliminate toxic residues, but also promote overall soil health.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cea384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cea384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agronomic practices:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d36e80 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d36e80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p><strong>Crop rotation<\/strong> is essential to reduce <em>R. solani<\/em> inoculum. Incorporating <strong>cereals<\/strong> or <strong>legumes<\/strong> into the rotation allows sclerotia of the fungus to decay, improving soil health. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c6b7af elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c6b7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p><strong>Healthy<\/strong> and properly treated <strong>seeds<\/strong>: Inspect and discard seeds with symptoms of black scab and treat the seed with natural products, such as <strong>mustard flour<\/strong> or <strong>potassium-rich ash<\/strong>, has antifungal effects.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20aac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a20aac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Low impact fungicides:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b1ae68 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b1ae68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">If chemical treatment is necessary, <strong>alternative fungicides<\/strong> with a more favorable environmental profile (e.g., <strong>Azoxystrobin<\/strong> or <strong>Boscalide<\/strong>) that do not generate TFA can be used. Low dose applications combined with biocontrol have also shown good results. <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a5d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31a5d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Crop Protection through Technology and Innovation<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb333e1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb333e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>Innovative technologies are playing a key role in <strong>sustainable agriculture<\/strong>:<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3cee0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"6b3cee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Solarization<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1121\"><p><strong>Soil solarization<\/strong>: Covering the soil with clear plastic under the sun can “pasteurize” the soil, eliminating pathogens and weeds before planting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1122\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1122\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Precision agriculture<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1122\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1122\"><p><strong>Precision agriculture<\/strong>: Tools such as <strong>drones<\/strong> and <strong>sensors<\/strong> make it possible to map weed infestations and apply treatments in a localized manner, reducing the use of inputs and improving efficiency.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a2e894 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a2e894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>These technologies, together with agroecological approaches, seek to replace <strong>reliance on persistent chemicals<\/strong> with <strong>natural<\/strong> and <strong>physical<\/strong> <strong>solutions<\/strong>.<\/p><p>In addition, the transition to more sustainable practices is supported by <strong>European<\/strong> policies. The <strong>EU’<\/strong> s <strong>Farm to Fork Strategy<\/strong> seeks a <strong>50%<\/strong> reduction <strong>in the use of chemical pesticides<\/strong> by <strong>2030<\/strong>, further reinforcing the need to adopt greener alternatives. <\/p><p>Adopting these practices will not only reduce the release of TFA and other contaminants, but also <strong>improve soil health<\/strong> and <strong>increase the resilience<\/strong> of agricultural ecosystems. In fact, many farmers who are already implementing these solutions are experiencing <strong>positive results<\/strong>, such as <strong>reduced costs<\/strong> and <strong>sustainable yields<\/strong>. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cbc0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6. Conclusions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448f67f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"448f67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 px-6\"><div class=\"mx-auto flex flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 md:max-w-3xl lg:max-w-[40rem] xl:max-w-[48rem] group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-none\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn @xs\/thread:px-0 @sm\/thread:px-1.5 @md\/thread:px-4\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2eebfdad-3f21-4adc-a906-1c2263e92b3b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4-5\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\"><p>The <strong>issue of TFA-emitting pesticides<\/strong> highlights the urgent need to redirect our agricultural practices towards more <strong>sustainable<\/strong> models. In the <strong>potato growing regions<\/strong> of central Europe, the intensive use of products such as <strong>Flufenacet<\/strong> and <strong>Flutolanil<\/strong> has resulted in <strong>widespread contamination<\/strong> of water resources with <strong>persistent chemicals<\/strong>, known as <strong>“everlasting chemicals”<\/strong>. The presence of <strong>TFA<\/strong> has been documented in <strong>soils<\/strong>, <strong>aquifers<\/strong>, and even <strong>bottled waters<\/strong>, posing considerable risks to both <strong>ecosystems<\/strong> and <strong>human health<\/strong>. <\/p><p>Despite these challenges, <strong>regulatory action<\/strong> is underway. <strong>European authorities<\/strong> have begun to recognize the magnitude of the problem and are moving towards <strong>banning<\/strong> these substances, seeking to protect both <strong>groundwater<\/strong> and <strong>public health<\/strong>. <\/p><p>For <strong>farmers<\/strong> and <strong>technical advisors<\/strong>, this regulatory change should not be perceived as a threat, but as an <strong>opportunity<\/strong> to <strong>innovate<\/strong> in agricultural management. <strong>Integrated pest and weed control<\/strong> strategies, combined with <strong>new biological tools<\/strong> (such as <strong>RootDei Biocontrol\u00ae<\/strong> and other <strong>bioinputs<\/strong>), offer effective solutions to maintain <strong>productivity<\/strong> without compromising the environment. <strong>Producing profitably and cleanly<\/strong> is possible, and by reducing the use of persistent pesticides, our <strong>farms<\/strong> will become <strong>more sustainable<\/strong> and <strong>resilient<\/strong>. <\/p><p>In addition, this approach contributes to the <strong>preservation of soil<\/strong> and <strong>drinking water<\/strong>, two essential resources for life. As an agricultural sector, eliminating <strong>PFASs<\/strong> from our farming systems is a crucial step in responding to the current <strong>ecological alert<\/strong> and ensuring a <strong>viable future<\/strong> for the next generations in the European countryside. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"w-full text-token-text-primary\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\"><h5 class=\"sr-only\"> <\/h5><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e625a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e625a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4866fa3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4866fa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Arp, H.P.H. et al. (2024). The Global Threat from the Irreversible Accumulation of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA). Environmental Science & Technology, 58(45), 19925-19935.<\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). Forever Chemical Found Even in Pristine Mineral Waters – Press Release, 3 Dec 2024. <\/li><li>EurEau (2024). PFAS in pesticides: Will Europe finally move? – News, 4 Dec 2024. <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). High concentrations of TFA in drinking water call for ban on PFAS-containing pesticides – Press Release, 15 Nov 2024. <\/li><li>FOEN Switzerland (2024). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in groundwater – National Groundwater Monitoring NAQUA. <\/li><li>Health & Environment Alliance (2024). Joint letter calling for a ban of flufenacet – Press, 12 Nov 2024. <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2024). PAN Letter to SCoPAFF on flutolanil (PFAS pesticide) . <\/li><li>ZeroPM (2024). Regulatory Watch Update Dec 2024 – Non-renewal of flufenacet & flutolanil . <\/li><li>Teng, M. et al. (2019). Chronic Toxic Effects of Flutolanil on the Liver of Zebrafish.\nChem.\nRes.\nToxicol, 32(6), 995-1001. <\/li><li>Yang, Y. et al. (2024). Flutolanil at env. relevant levels induces neuro-visual disruptions in zebrafish larvae. J. Hazard. Mater. 469, 134108.<\/li><li>PAN Europe (2023). Ban PFAS pesticides and TFA – Campaign Brief <\/li><li>PAN Europe (2023). Europes Toxic Harvest: Unmasking PFAS Pesticides Authorised in Europe <\/li><li>Sturm et. al. al. (2023). Trifluoracetat (TFA): Grundlagen f\u00fcr eine effektive Minimierung schaffen – R\u00e4umliche Analyse der Eintragspfade in den Wasserkreislauf. Umwelt Bundesampt<\/li><li>Lein (2023). PFAS: The “New” Forever Chemicals. UC DAVIS Veterinary Medicine <\/li><\/ol><p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The impact of PFAs on Agriculture: Can we protect crops without harming the environment and health? European agriculture has made significant progress in the regulation of plant protection products with the aim of ensuring food safety and environmental sustainability. Directive 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf) marked a milestone by reviewing and excluding active substances (AS) with health and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":37792,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1317,1331,1328],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-eng","category-challenges-on-agriculture","category-desafios-en-la-agricultura"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture: Can we protect crops without harming the environment and health? European agriculture has made significant progress in the regulation of plant protection products with the aim of ensuring food safety and environmental sustainability. Directive 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf) marked a milestone by reviewing and excluding active substances (AS) with health and […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Biocontrol Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1030\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6\"},\"headline\":\"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture.\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\"},\"wordCount\":3288,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog_ENG\",\"Challenges on agriculture\",\"Desaf\u00edos en la Agricultura\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\",\"name\":\"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp\",\"width\":1030,\"height\":580},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Biocontrol Technologies\",\"description\":\"Abordando las enfermedades para transformar la agricultura.\",\"alternateName\":\"Biocontrol Technologies\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57572ae7971e7df83df55b3570b01fab5b43d1a24bf0df2db47aabb8209f4bdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57572ae7971e7df83df55b3570b01fab5b43d1a24bf0df2db47aabb8209f4bdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies","og_description":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture: Can we protect crops without harming the environment and health? European agriculture has made significant progress in the regulation of plant protection products with the aim of ensuring food safety and environmental sustainability. Directive 91\/414 (https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/temas\/programas-ue\/Directiva_91-414-CEE_tcm30-72998.pdf) marked a milestone by reviewing and excluding active substances (AS) with health and […]","og_url":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/","og_site_name":"Biocontrol Technologies","article_published_time":"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1030,"height":580,"url":"http:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"17 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6"},"headline":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture.","datePublished":"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/"},"wordCount":3288,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp","articleSection":["Blog_ENG","Challenges on agriculture","Desaf\u00edos en la Agricultura"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/","url":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/","name":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture. | Biocontrol Technologies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp","datePublished":"2025-03-27T08:02:21+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-10T12:59:50+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/BLOGS_Portada_PFAS-3.webp","width":1030,"height":580},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/2025\/03\/27\/the-impact-of-pfas-on-agriculture\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The impact of PFAs on Agriculture."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/","name":"Biocontrol Technologies","description":"Abordando las enfermedades para transformar la agricultura.","alternateName":"Biocontrol Technologies","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a76cbd647bc29ce74b8578fb153919d6","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57572ae7971e7df83df55b3570b01fab5b43d1a24bf0df2db47aabb8209f4bdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57572ae7971e7df83df55b3570b01fab5b43d1a24bf0df2db47aabb8209f4bdd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"url":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26160"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36748,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26160\/revisions\/36748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biocontroltechnologies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}